Historians and archaeologists have determined that the Egyptian pyramids were constructed by tens of thousands of workers laboring across two to three decades on each. What remains less certain is who these workers were. In this lesson, students read five documents to answer the question: Did enslaved people build the pyramids at Giza?
[All materials updated on 09/02/2022. Alt text added to PowerPoint on 4/30/2026.]
Image: Photo of the pyramids at Giza in 2006. From the Wikimedia Commons.