Like Connections to the Philippine-American War, this assessment gauges students' knowledge of the past. Rather than measure whether students can simply recall decontextualized facts, this assessment requires students to make connections across time and construct an argument about how events are connected. Students with a strong sense of the past will be able to explain that the bombing at Pearl Harbor led to fears of subversion by Japanese and Japanese Americans in the United States and that this fear led the Roosevelt Administration to incarcerate individuals of Japanese descent living in the United States. Strong students will also be able to link the mass removal of Japanese to a broader history of xenophobia, which the Gentlemen's Agreement with Japan represents.